Hello, I'm Rika. I'm going to tell you a story about the generations of first Austalians called " The Indigenous People" . We " Indgenous People" had been living here in Australia at least 40 000 years ago in 1788.That's the year ( 1788) when Europeans first settled in Australia. Some people say that we ( Indigenous) had been created by spirits at the same time as the landscapes and all living things. Early European settlers called the people they found in Australia " Aborigines" or " Natives", suggesting that were all the same. In reality, we Indigenous People belong to some 500 different groups. Each groups with different languages, laws, beliefs and custome. Language Groups, belonged to different parts which each part belonged to the groups land. In one part,we have typically 100 people and was made of one or two extended families called " bands" . Men had more then "1" wife and had lots of children. Each " band" searched and gathered food in a particular section in their parts land.  The part of the " language group" often meet to trade, arrange marriages or hold ceremonies. Each group that has a language group has a sign of its people spiritual link to the land. It might be an animal, a plant or some other natural  features. Then the British People came and saw that Australia's  land are not used in The European Way. They described it, in the languages used by british laws       " Terra Nulius" . This is translated as " nobody's land", which means that anyone can take the land without the permission of the Indigenous owners.We Indigenous People lived in a stable lifestyle . The people worked together, sharing their food and knowledge and managing their environment . We " Aborigines" thought that the first Europeans we saw might be " ghost" or " evil spirits". Some of us thought that it was a woman because they had no  beards. It soon became clear that the " visitors" planned to stay. The " visitors" were clearing land near sacred sites, fencing of properties, which cuts access to waterholes and hunting grounds, and were fishing without the permission from the elders. More and more of them were arriving. We became incredibly worried.These spirits of the recently dead, did not speak "our " languages. They did not " obey" our rules and respect our rituals and sacred places. Some of us were fascinated by the first "Europeans" they saw and others were frightened. Captain Arthur Phillip, was to do everything he could  and to have a "friendly " contact with us   ( The Indigenous) . Any "Europeans" who hurted or killed the " Indigenous" were to be punished. Some of us had jobs such as : Expedition guides for Europeans. Others became " Native Police" under the command of British Officers.Arabanoo, Bungaree and Bennelong ( Aborigine People) were captured and coached to act like " Europeans" in hope that we " Indigenous People" became more like Europeans. As time went by, many Indigenous were told to live on many reserves. Were told that it was to protect ourselves. Christian missionaries at first, and later government officers, administered these reserves, which include The Lake Condah ( Portland) and Corranderk ( Healesville) reserves in Victoria. Well meaning to make us  Indigenous people" European" . But we were forbidden to speak our own language or to take part in our "Indigenous" culture and events. On the decade when the European's arrive, we " Indigenous" were being shot for going to European Farmers to get food. In return, European Settlers and convicts were being attacked by Indigenous Warriors. Some of us ( Indigenous)  even died because of   disease such as measles,whooping,cough,influenza and smallpox. Also starvation and depression. Many others were killed. Over 20 000 Indigenous People. There are 2 Indigenous people who fought back against The European Colonist. The first one was Pemulwuy and the second was Yagan . Pemulwuy belonged to the " Eora Language Group" . He led many attacks against the colonial farms and settlements . He and his men fought in a battle near a town called Paramata. In 1802, he was murdered because of Governor King became frustrated. But he had a respect of him. . He said of him " Although a terrible pest  against the colony, he was a brave and independent character and an active daring leader to his people. Now let me tell you bout Yagan. Yagan was part of the Nyungar tribe. He was a tall men ( 1.8 cm) .He was feared and admired by The British Colony . A Nyungar was shot because of taking potatoes from a settlers garden. Yagan saw this and he sought for revenge for this killing. After more battles, a reward was captured for his head. When Yagan was captured, a European named " Robert Lyon" fought hard to save his own life. Yagan was separated from his home to a small rocky island. But he escaped after six weeks. The Colonist were angry with this and killed Yagan's father and brother and increased the reward on Yagans head. One day,Yagan approached two shepherds that he knew and when his back  turned, William Keats shot him. In the Flinders Island,only 203 survived . Hundreds of Aboriginal   Tasmanian were killed, when they tried to stop soldiers and convicts building a simple construction near the present site of Hobart. Over the next few years, gangs of escaped convicts attacked Indigenous Camps, killing men and kidnapping women. The European settlers killed many animals which was the main source of food for us ( aborigines ) . Settlers often shot Aborigine people who came near their place where they lived. One day,Governor Arthur commanded that all Indigenous to get out of all the places they'd lived. 2000 soldiers,convicts and settlers, were formed in a line to capture all the aborigines to an area of conflicts or drive us into the Tasmanian Peninsula . But only 2 people  were captured.  The survivors from any language groups had to move to Flinders Island and were guarded, forced to wear European Clothes, and to attend ceremonies on Christianity. Most had died because of disease and despair. 47 survivors were moved to Oyster Bay near Hobart. But still, they died. Truganini was the only survivor. She died in 1876. Two-third of the Wiradjuri people were killed by soldiers. At least a hundred were killed in a   large number in a  swamp. The skulls of 45 victims were shipped to England. The Kamilari people lost their land and raised resistance against the European Settlers. About 2000 Europeans were killed by us ( Indigenous people) . But 20 000 Indigenous were shot or poisoned by the Europeans . There were also an Indigenous men who was hanged for murdering  Europeans.

Now let me tell you  the story of Corranderk.

In 1863, around 40 Indigenous People were moved to live on a uncleared bushland at Corranderk . 2  years later, the people were managing 450 head of cattle and running a diary. A man named " John Green" also donated his money from his salary to help us "Indigenous" develop our settlements. However in 1886, Aborigines who were mixed descend and that were 34 years old were no longer allowed to live on reserves. The remaining people on the reserve were moved to a missioen station at Lake Tyers. In 1924, Corranderk was officially closed.

Here comes the story of THE TORRES STRAIGHT ISLANDERS
Before ''the Europeans''' arrived, The Torres Straight Islanders, traded  with Cape York Aborigines and the people of Papua, New Guinea. They had a religious cults. orres Some practiced calling up the spirits of the recently dead,ritual beheading's and cannibalism. Then comes the visitors. In 1606, when the Spanish navigator '' Luiz Vaez de Torres'' sailed through Torres Straight. Many British ships favored Torres Straight as a passage to the pacific .When Captain Cook  announced officially part of Australia's eastern coast as crown  land after 1770. Their competition with Islanders for the sea's resources caused many confrontations. There wasn't any significant European impact on Islanders life until The London Missionary Society arrived on Darnley Island in 1871. The Islanders embraced Christianity,but this decision had an impact on the way they lived. Women had to completely cover their bodies,they risked being disciplined by the mission court if they did not conform. Some destroyed Islanders artifact, sold them to passing ships or buried them. Islanders also had to take a second name. A European name ( Joe,Tom,Christopher etc).Some by a connection by a type of job ( Cook,Captain etc). Some from the Bible ( David,Matthew,Nicholas,,Joseph etc). In 1878, the government of Queensland demand the Torres Straight Islands in the name of the Crown. The Islanders enjoyed more independence then the Aborigine people under The European control. This was because, because then Queensland Government, John Douglas, would not allow Islanders to be identified as Aboriginal People under the Queensland Aborigines Protection act 1897. However, this changed when he died in 1904. Thursday Island ( for example) became a European settlement that Islanders could only visit during the day. The Queensland government in the early twentieth, discriminate against Islanders,deliberately limiting their freedom.The Islanders, were not allowed to enter bars.were not allowed to have sexual relation with anyone outside their race. The mixed descends were sent to an Island called Moa and Kiriri When the Islanders were frustrated because they were not allowed to run their own affairs, Islanders working on government own boats figth agaisnt The Queensland Government in 1936 by staging a strike. It lasted for 9 months,the outcome was that Island Councils were allowed to have more substantial input into the management of their boats and other affairs.